Nearshore Software Development in Europe: 12 Countries Compared for US and UK Buyers
Nearshore software development in Europe for US and UK buyers: shared hours, English, ICT talent, data-transfer rules and 2027 holidays in 12 countries.
Luka Abramovic22 min read
For nearshore software development in Europe, the clock narrows the field before price does. On a 9-to-5 day at both ends, a New York team shares 3 working hours with Portugal, 2 with Central European countries such as Poland, Croatia or Spain, and 1 with Romania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania or Ukraine. A London team shares 6 to 8 hours with all of them. The data detail to settle early is the return trip: an EU vendor needs a GDPR basis to send your data back to the US, either your company's Data Privacy Framework certification or Module 4 of the EU's standard contractual clauses (European Commission).
The list covers 12 countries: ten EU members from Portugal to the Baltics, chosen to span Europe's three time zones and both euro and non-euro currencies, plus Serbia and Ukraine as examples outside the EU. Every row uses the same sources: the IANA time zone database, the 2025 EF English Proficiency Index, Eurostat's 2025 workforce and labor-cost data, the transfer rules of the European Commission and the UK Information Commissioner's Office, and each country's holiday law. Checked in October 2026. Adamant Code is based in Rijeka, Croatia, one of the twelve. Croatia gets the same columns and sources as every other row, and the list doesn't rank countries. The data protection and tax rows are a practical summary, not legal or tax advice.
The list: 12 countries side by side
Rows are grouped by time zone, west to east. Shared hours assume 9:00 to 17:00 local time at both ends, outside the few weeks a year when the US and Europe change their clocks on different dates. The last column is the fact specific to that country that is worth planning around.
| Country | Time zone; shared hours with New York and London | EU and currency | English, EF EPI 2025 | ICT specialists, 2025 | Plan around this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | WET (UTC+0, summer +1); New York 3, London 8 | EU; euro | Very high (612) | 5.4% of employment; 283,900 | Lisbon keeps London time all year, so a UK team gets a full shared day and a New York team 3 hours without asking anyone to work late. |
| Croatia | CET (UTC+1, summer +2); New York 2, London 7 | EU; euro since 2023 | Very high (617) | 4.9% (estimate); 82,700 | The whole country has 82,700 ICT specialists, so for a team of more than a few people, ask which named people are on the vendor's payroll today. |
| Czechia | CET; New York 2, London 7 | EU; koruna (CZK) | High (582) | 4.7%; 248,200 | July 5 and 6 are both public holidays, a Monday and Tuesday in 2027, so the first full week of July has three working days. |
| Hungary | CET; New York 2, London 7 | EU; forint (HUF) | High (590) | 4.6% (estimate); 212,500 | Employers in the information and communication sector paid €24.4 per hour worked in 2025, about half the EU average of €48.2. |
| Poland | CET; New York 2, London 7 | EU; złoty (PLN) | Very high (600) | 4.5%; 778,800 | A holiday that falls on a Saturday still costs a weekday off, so 2027 has 10 weekdays off, not 8. |
| Serbia | CET; New York 2, London 7 | EU candidate since 2012; dinar (RSD) | High (578) | 4.2% (estimate); 120,600 | Outside both the EU's and the UK's adequacy lists, so personal data from the EU or UK needs transfer clauses. Orthodox employees may also take the first day of their krsna slava, the family's patron saint day, off. |
| Spain | CET; New York 2, London 7 | EU; euro | Moderate (540) | 4.8%; 1,060,900 (Eurostat flags a definition difference) | On Central European Time since 1940, an hour ahead of Lisbon. Holidays are set by region and city: 12 national and regional days plus 2 local ones. |
| Bulgaria | EET (UTC+2, summer +3); New York 1, London 6 | EU; euro since January 2026 | High (594) | 4.8%; 141,500 | A holiday on a weekend moves to the next working days, except at Easter, so 2027 has 12 weekdays off. |
| Estonia | EET; New York 1, London 6 | EU; euro | High (561) | 6.8% (estimate); 47,500 | The highest ICT share in the list and the smallest pool. EF publishes no speaking score for Estonia. |
| Lithuania | EET; New York 1, London 6 | EU; euro | Moderate (543) | 5.7%; 83,100 | 16 holidays in the law but 9 weekdays off in 2027: Easter Sunday, Mother's Day and Father's Day always fall on Sundays, and four more land on a weekend. |
| Romania | EET; New York 1, London 6 | EU; leu (RON) | Very high (605) | 2.7% (estimate); 207,800 | 17 public holidays, including Orthodox Easter and Pentecost: April 30, May 3 and June 21 are off in 2027. |
| Ukraine | EET; New York 1, London 6 | EU candidate since 2022; hryvnia (UAH) | Moderate (526) | Not covered by Eurostat | Public holidays are not days off while martial law lasts. US sanctions prohibit importing services into the US from Crimea and the so-called DNR and LNR regions, so ask where each developer works. |
Sources: time zones from the IANA time zone database (release 2026e); euro membership from the European Commission; candidate status for Serbia and Ukraine; English from the EF English Proficiency Index 2025; ICT specialists from Eurostat, updated April 2026; Ukraine sanctions from Executive Orders 13685 and 14065, section 1. Holiday, cost and data sources are linked in the sections below.
Shared working hours, with a worked example
Shared hours are the length of the working day minus the time difference, never less than zero. With 8-hour days at both ends, a 6-hour difference leaves 2 shared hours.
| European time zone | London | New York | Chicago | Los Angeles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WET: Portugal | 8 | 3 (4) | 2 (3) | 0 (1) |
| CET: Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Serbia, Spain | 7 | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 0 |
| EET: Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine | 6 | 1 (2) | 0 (1) | 0 |
All twelve countries change their clocks on the same dates as the UK: forward on the last Sunday in March and back on the last Sunday in October (GOV.UK, IANA). The US moves forward on the second Sunday in March and back on the first Sunday in November (15 U.S.C. § 260a). In the weeks between, Europe is an hour closer to US time:
- 2026: March 8 to 28, and October 25 to 31.
- 2027: March 14 to 27, and October 31 to November 6.
Calendar software stores a recurring meeting in the time zone it was booked in. A daily 9:00 stand-up booked from New York lands at 15:00 in Warsaw for most of the year and at 14:00 in those weeks. Booked from Warsaw at 15:00, it lands at 9:00 in New York, and at 10:00 in those weeks. Decide whose calendar owns each recurring meeting, and tell the other side which weeks it moves.
A worked example: New York and Kraków
An illustrative example. A New York operations team works 9:00 to 17:00, and its vendor's team in Kraków works the same hours locally.
- Most of the year they share 9:00 to 11:00 New York time: 2 hours, room for one meeting and a few answers.
- If the Kraków team works 11:00 to 19:00, they share 9:00 to 13:00: 4 hours.
- In the clock-change weeks they share one hour more, whichever schedule they keep.
Each hour a European team moves its day later adds one hour of New York overlap. Four shared hours take a day that ends at 18:00 in Lisbon, 19:00 in Warsaw or Zagreb and 20:00 in Bucharest or Sofia, and each of those days still shares 7 hours with London. A team on Pacific time shares no 9-to-5 hours with any of the twelve for most of the year, so daily calls need an early start in California or written hand-offs. Latin America, a few hours from US time, suits daily calls better.
To check your own hours, type this into a blank sheet. Offsets are hours from UTC on the dates you care about, negative west of London.
| Row | Column A | Column B |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your UTC offset | -5 |
| 2 | Your start hour | 9 |
| 3 | Your end hour | 17 |
| 4 | Vendor's UTC offset | 1 |
| 5 | Vendor's start hour | 9 |
| 6 | Vendor's end hour | 17 |
| 7 | Shared hours | =MAX(0,MIN(B3-B1,B6-B4)-MAX(B2-B1,B5-B4)) |
Fill it in with the hours your product owner really works, not the office hours. Then change B5 and B6 until row 7 shows the overlap you need, and put those hours in the contract.
English: read the speaking score, not the band
The EF English Proficiency Index covers all twelve countries with one method. The 2025 edition draws on 2.2 million people who took EF's free online test in 2024, and national scores are three-year rolling averages. EF says the test-taking population is "self-selected and not guaranteed to be representative" (EF EPI 2025 report). Its bands are Very high from 600, High from 550 and Moderate from 500.
The 2025 edition publishes reading, listening, speaking and writing separately for the first time. Speaking is the skill your calls depend on, and in every country here with a published score it sits 67 to 130 points below reading. Fewer than 20% of test takers in most countries took the speaking and writing sections, so treat that column as a signal, not a measurement.
| Country | Band | Overall | Speaking | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | Very high | 612 | 502 | 632 |
| Croatia | Very high | 617 | 526 | 637 |
| Czechia | High | 582 | 498 | 598 |
| Hungary | High | 590 | 523 | 603 |
| Poland | Very high | 600 | 518 | 612 |
| Serbia | High | 578 | 499 | 587 |
| Spain | Moderate | 540 | 462 | 558 |
| Bulgaria | High | 594 | 501 | 613 |
| Estonia | High | 561 | Not published | 570 |
| Lithuania | Moderate | 543 | 470 | 555 |
| Romania | Very high | 605 | 534 | 621 |
| Ukraine | Moderate | 526 | 477 | 544 |
A national average says nothing about the people on your project. Our test before signing: ask for an unscripted 20-minute call with the two people who will attend most of your meetings, not the account manager. Ask each to explain a trade-off from a recent project and what they would need from you before starting yours. Listen for clarifying questions and for a summary of what was agreed. If the vendor can only offer a salesperson, the team's English is untested.
Talent pool and employer cost per hour
Eurostat counts ICT specialists with the OECD definition: people able to develop, operate and maintain ICT systems, for whom ICT is the main part of the job. The count includes ICT managers, technicians, telecoms engineers, graphic and multimedia designers and ICT sales professionals, so read it as a ceiling on the developer pool, not a headcount of developers (Eurostat).
The cost column is what employers in the whole information and communication sector pay per hour worked: wages plus non-wage costs such as employers' social contributions, in firms with 10 or more employees (Eurostat). In the classification these figures use, the sector also covers publishing, broadcasting and telecoms, not only software firms (CSO Ireland). It is not a vendor rate, which also has to pay for time between projects, management and margin.
| Country | ICT specialists | Share of employment | Employer cost per hour, information and communication |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 283,900 | 5.4% | €28.2 |
| Croatia | 82,700 (estimate) | 4.9% (estimate) | €30.1 |
| Czechia | 248,200 | 4.7% | €34.9 |
| Hungary | 212,500 (estimate) | 4.6% (estimate) | €24.4 |
| Poland | 778,800 | 4.5% | €29.3 |
| Serbia | 120,600 (estimate) | 4.2% (estimate) | €28.2 |
| Spain | 1,060,900 (definition differs) | 4.8% (definition differs) | €34.8 |
| Bulgaria | 141,500 | 4.8% | €24.0 |
| Estonia | 47,500 (estimate) | 6.8% (estimate) | €38.4 |
| Lithuania | 83,100 | 5.7% | €32.0 |
| Romania | 207,800 (estimate) | 2.7% (estimate) | €26.0 |
| Ukraine | Not covered | Not covered | Not covered |
| EU average, for comparison | 10,450,800 (estimate) | 5.0% (estimate) | €48.2 |
| Germany, for comparison | 2,319,100 | 5.5% | €58.5 |
Sources: Eurostat isoc_sks_itspt and lc_lci_lev, 2025 values.
Three ways to read it:
- Size beats share for hiring. Estonia has the highest share in the list and the smallest pool. Romania has the lowest share and a pool more than four times Estonia's.
- The largest pool here is Spain's. It counts 1.06 million ICT specialists against Poland's 778,800, although Spain's figure carries Eurostat's flag for a definition difference.
- Cost bases differ by up to 60%. An hour cost an employer €24.0 in Bulgaria and €38.4 in Estonia in 2025, against an EU average of €48.2. When vendors in two countries quote, compare the gap between their rates with the gap between their cost bases. A much larger gap needs an explanation, such as seniority or the share of contractors.
Eurostat's cost covers employees only. Ask each vendor how many of the people proposed for your team are employees and how many are contractors, because that changes both its costs and who owns the code (see question 8 below).
Personal data: the legal basis in each direction
A data clause in a nearshore contract has to answer two questions: what lets the data reach the vendor, and what lets the vendor send it back. The answer depends on where you are, where the vendor is and where the data came from.
| Flow | Basis | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| A US company to a vendor in any of the twelve | In our reading, US law sets no general transfer requirement like the GDPR's. The limits are specific: the Justice Department's Data Security Program for bulk sensitive data and six countries of concern, and sector rules such as IRS Publication 1075, which bars contractors outside the US from accessing federal tax information | Ask question 5 below, and check your own customer contracts for offshore-access clauses |
| An EU vendor sending your data back to a US company | The EU-US Data Privacy Framework if your company is an active participant; otherwise Module 4 of the EU standard contractual clauses, processor to controller | Check your entry on the Data Privacy Framework List. If you aren't on it, sign Module 4 with the vendor |
| A UK company to a vendor in the EU | UK adequacy regulations cover every EEA country (ICO) | Nothing beyond the usual processor contract |
| An EU vendor sending data back to a UK company | The EU's adequacy decision for the UK, renewed on December 19, 2025 and running until December 27, 2031 (European Commission) | Nothing extra. Note the 2031 date in your contract register |
| A UK company to a vendor in Serbia or Ukraine | Neither country is covered by UK adequacy regulations | The International Data Transfer Agreement, or the UK Addendum to the EU clauses, plus a transfer risk assessment (ICO) |
| Personal data from the EU, sent by a company subject to the GDPR to a vendor in Serbia or Ukraine | Neither country has an EU adequacy decision (European Commission) | EU standard contractual clauses with a transfer impact assessment |
| A vendor in Serbia or Ukraine sending US-only data back to a US company | The vendor's own national law applies to the vendor | Ask the vendor which basis it uses under its own law, and get the answer in writing |
Two details from the European Commission's questions and answers on the clauses make the US return trip simpler than it looks:
- Module 4 exists for this case. Question 30 says it "should be used where a processor in the EEA is hired by a controller outside the EEA", including to send data received from the controller back to it.
- No transfer impact assessment, if the data only goes back. Question 44 says that when an EEA processor returns data it received from its non-EEA controller, the parties don't need to carry out the Clause 14 assessment or follow Clause 15 on access by public authorities. The exception ends if the vendor adds personal data collected in Europe, such as sign-ups from EU users.
The Data Privacy Framework covers transfers "from any public or private entity in the EEA" to participating US companies, a vendor included (European Commission). The EU General Court upheld it on September 3, 2025 in Latombe v Commission (Lewis Silkin), and the applicant has appealed to the Court of Justice as case C-703/25 P (Digital Policy Alert). If the appeal succeeds, the clauses become the fallback, so our default is to sign Module 4 even when a certification covers the transfer.
This week: search your legal entity's name on the Data Privacy Framework List and note whether the entry is active and which data it covers. Then write down, for each system the vendor will touch, whether it holds data about people in the EU or UK, and whether the vendor will collect any personal data in Europe itself.
Holidays and working days in 2027
Headline holiday counts mislead in both directions. Some laws list days that always fall on a Sunday; others add a weekday off when a holiday lands on a weekend. The number to plan with is how many Monday-to-Friday days a full-time employee is off in 2027, a year with 261 weekdays. Western Easter is on March 28, 2027 and Orthodox Easter on May 2, so countries that follow the Orthodox calendar take their Easter break five weeks later.
| Country | Holidays in the law | Weekdays off, 2027 | What moves the number, and the source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 13 | 8 | Easter Sunday is one of the 13 mandatory holidays; it and four others land on a weekend in 2027 (Labor Code, art. 234) |
| Croatia | 14 | 8 | Easter Sunday is one of the 14; it and five others land on a weekend in 2027 (Act on Holidays, NN 110/2019) |
| Czechia | 13 | 9 | July 5 and 6 fall on a Monday and Tuesday; May 1, May 8 and December 25 fall on Saturdays and December 26 on a Sunday (Act 245/2000) |
| Hungary | 11 | 7 | The 11 in section 102 of the Labor Code include Good Friday, Easter Monday and Whit Monday; May 1, October 23 and December 25 fall on Saturdays and December 26 on a Sunday |
| Poland | 14 | 10 | Each holiday that falls on a day other than Sunday reduces working time by 8 hours, so May 1 and December 25, both Saturdays, each cost another day off (Labor Code, art. 130 § 2; Christmas Eve added from 2025, Dz.U. 2024 item 1965) |
| Serbia | 12 | 8 | Orthodox Good Friday to Easter Monday. A state holiday on a Sunday moves to the next working day, which makes Tuesday, May 4 a day off. Employees may also take their own religious holidays, such as the krsna slava (Law on State and Other Holidays, arts. 2 to 4) |
| Spain | Up to 14: 12 national and regional, 2 local | 10 in the Madrid region, 9 in Catalonia, plus up to 2 local days | Each region and city sets its own (BOE, October 13, 2026) |
| Bulgaria | 14 | 12 | Orthodox Good Friday to Easter Monday. Other holidays that fall on a weekend move to the first one or two working days after them, which adds May 4, December 27 and December 28 (Labor Code, art. 154, as summarized by Trud i pravo and KIK-Info) |
| Estonia | 12 | 7 | Easter Sunday and Pentecost always fall on Sundays (Public Holidays and Days of National Importance Act) |
| Lithuania | 16 | 9 | Easter Sunday, Mother's Day and Father's Day always fall on Sundays (Labor Code, art. 123) |
| Romania | 17 | 9 | Orthodox Good Friday, Easter and Pentecost: April 30, May 3 and June 21 (Labor Code, art. 139) |
| Ukraine | Suspended | 0 | The Labor Code's article 73 holidays don't apply while martial law lasts (Law No. 2136-IX, art. 6) |
One date shows why the calendar belongs in the plan. Monday, May 3, 2027 is Constitution Day in Poland and Orthodox Easter Monday in Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia, and Bulgaria and Serbia are off on Tuesday, May 4 as well. Plan any release or user test that needs a team from those countries around that week.
Leave comes on top. The EU's Working Time Directive gives every worker at least four weeks of paid annual leave (European Commission), while US federal law doesn't require payment for vacations or holidays (Department of Labor). Plan capacity per person like this:
Working days per person in 2027 = 261 - weekdays off - leave days
Poland: 261 - 10 - 20 = 231
Bulgaria: 261 - 12 - 20 = 229
Hungary: 261 - 7 - 20 = 234Twenty days is the EU minimum for a five-day week. National law or the employment contract may give more, so put the vendor's actual leave policy into the formula.
Invoices: VAT and US tax forms
- No EU VAT on the invoice, normally. Under the EU's general rule for business-to-business services, the place of taxation is where the customer is established (European Commission, Article 44 of the VAT Directive). An invoice for development work from an EU vendor to a US or UK company should normally carry no Polish, Croatian or other EU VAT. If it does, ask which rule the vendor applied. Our list of software development companies in Croatia walks through what one country's invoices should show, and what the supplier needs from you to treat you as a business.
- UK buyers account for the VAT themselves. A UK business that receives services from a supplier outside the UK applies the reverse charge: it acts as both supplier and recipient, adding output tax and claiming input tax under the normal rules (HMRC VAT Notice 741A, sections 5.1 and 5.2).
- US buyers collect a Form W-8BEN-E. The IRS sources pay for personal services by where the work is performed, "regardless of where the contract was made, the place of payment, or the residence of the payer", and withholding applies to US-source income (IRS Publication 515). Work done in Europe is foreign-source, and the W-8BEN-E documents the vendor's foreign status (IRS). Ask for it before the first payment.
- Currency. Six of the twelve don't use the euro: Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. Name the invoice currency in the contract and say who carries the exchange-rate risk.
Questions to ask a nearshore vendor
These cover what is specific to a vendor in another country. For references and contract wording, use our reference-check script and the contract terms in the partner-selection guide. Paste this into your first email or request for proposal:
NEARSHORE VENDOR QUESTIONS: [Vendor] Date: [date]
1. For each person proposed for our team: the city and country
they work from, and whether they are your employee or a
contractor.
2. Which hours will the team work, stated in our time zone, and
will you put them in the contract? Which hours do we share in
the weeks when the US and Europe change clocks on different
dates?
3. Please send your 2027 holiday calendar for each location,
including substitute days and regional or local holidays.
4. Which legal basis will you use to send our personal data back
to us: our Data Privacy Framework certification, Module 4 of
the EU standard contractual clauses, the EU adequacy decision
for the UK, or something else?
5. Will anyone with access to our data live in, or work for a
company owned from, China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia or
Venezuela?
6. Before we sign, can we have a 20-minute unscripted call with
the two people who will attend most of our meetings?
7. Will your invoice carry VAT, and in which currency will you
bill us?
8. For each contractor on our team, do you hold a signed
assignment of their rights in the work to you?| Question | A good answer | A worrying answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Location and status | A city and an employment status for each named person | A region instead of cities, or "we'll staff it once you sign" |
| 2. Hours | Hours in your time zone, written into the contract, with the clock-change weeks named | "We're flexible" |
| 3. Holidays | One calendar per location, with Poland's Saturday rule or Bulgaria's and Serbia's weekend rules applied where they matter | One national list for a team spread across countries |
| 4. Data | A named basis, and an offer to sign Module 4 if you aren't on the Data Privacy Framework List | "We're GDPR compliant" |
| 5. Countries of concern | "No", backed by a list of subcontractors | No answer about subcontractors |
| 6. Call | Two names and a date | Only the account manager is available |
| 7. VAT and currency | No EU VAT for a US or UK business customer, with the rule stated, and a named currency | Local VAT added without explanation |
| 8. Rights | Yes, with copies on request | "Our contractors work under an NDA", which protects confidentiality but transfers no rights |
Question 5 comes from the Justice Department's Data Security Program, in force since April 8, 2025. A vendor agreement that gives a covered person access to bulk US sensitive personal data, such as health or financial data on more than 10,000 US persons, is a restricted transaction that has to meet CISA's security requirements. Covered persons include anyone primarily resident in China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia or Venezuela, and employees or contractors of companies based in those countries or majority-owned from them (28 CFR Part 202, sections 202.205, 202.211 and 202.401). Question 8 matters because, in the US and the UK at least, code a contractor writes belongs to the contractor until a signed document transfers it; our in-house versus outsourcing guide has a chain-of-title clause for the contract.
Fit checklist: when Europe works and when it doesn't
| If this is true | Then | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Your team works in the UK | Any of the twelve works on hours. Decide on English, the size of the pool and the data paperwork | 6 to 8 shared hours everywhere, and EU vendors need no extra transfer document in either direction |
| Your team is on US Eastern time and needs 3 or more shared hours every day | Portugal, or a CET or EET vendor that contracts a later working day | Lisbon gives 3 hours on a normal day. For 4 hours, others need days ending at 19:00 or 20:00 local time |
| Your team is on Pacific time and needs daily calls | Look at Latin America or an onshore team instead | No shared hours with any of the twelve on a 9-to-5 day for most of the year |
| The system holds personal data of people in the EU or UK | An EU vendor keeps the paperwork shortest | For that data, a vendor in Serbia or Ukraine needs the EU clauses or the UK transfer agreement, plus a risk assessment |
| The system holds federal tax information, or a customer contract bars offshore access | No offshore team in production. A vendor can still work in test environments with synthetic data | IRS Publication 1075 bars contractors outside the US from accessing federal tax information |
| The system holds bulk sensitive personal data on US persons | Any of the twelve, after a clear answer to question 5 | For a vendor in any of these countries, the Justice Department's rule turns on who has access and who owns the vendor |
| You have a fixed date in late April or early May 2027 | Check the Orthodox calendar for vendors in Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia | Orthodox Easter falls on May 2, 2027, five weeks after Western Easter |
| You need a team of eight or more from one vendor | Ask for named employees before signing, wherever the vendor is | National pools range from 47,500 ICT specialists in Estonia to 1.06 million in Spain |
If you're weighing a European team for software your business runs on, bring three things to a first call: your team's real working hours, a list of the personal data the system will hold and where it comes from, and the dates you can't move. We would start with the shared hours and the return path for your data, because those two shape the contract. Adamant Code is a three-person core team in Rijeka, Croatia, working week by week with businesses in the US, Canada, the UK, the EU and Australia; our custom business software page describes how.